Flashcards - 2

Sentence Basics

• Sentences are of two parts: Subjects and Predicate
• Subj is a place,person or thing
• Predicate says something about the subject

Eg. The hungry lions / ate everything
                 S                     P

• Linking Verbs : link subjects to verbs such as to be,appear,seem,feel

Parts of Speech:

• Noun:places,people or things
• Articles:A,an and the - used to refer to nouns
• Pronous:replace nouns
• Verbs:describe actions or conditions
• Adjectives: modify nouns and pronouns. Eg. small house
• Adverbs:modify verbs,adj or other adverbs;end in -ly;they answer question 'how','when','where'
• Conjunctions:connect words,phrases and clauses ;eg and,but,yet,nor,although,while,after etc
• Prepositions:connect nouns,pronouns and noun phrases to other words in sentences and indicates relationships between them. Eg: to,from,with

Phrases and Clauses

• Phrases are combinations of words within sentences that go together;they express a single idea
• there are noun phrases,verb phrases and prepositional phrases
• Clauses contain subj and predicate and can be complete sentences too
• Two types of clauses independent and dependent
• indep clause is onethat can stand alone as a sentence
• dep clause beginwith conjuctions such as although,while or a relative pronous such as who,which or that

Types of sentences

• Simple Sent:consists of a simple indep clause
• compound sent:has 2 indep clauses each with its own verb
• complex sent:consists of indep clause and dep clause(acts as a modifier). Eg. When we heard how much TV repairs would cost, we decided to get a new TV set.
• compd  complessent: has 2 or more indep clauses and atleast 1 dep clause

Sentence Patterns

•  S-V Eg. the woman arrived
•  S-V-Do Eg. She sharpened her chisel in the backyard
•  S-V-Do-Oc(noun or adj that describbes the Do) Eg.Alice called Charles amusing
•  S-V-Io(tells to whom or for whom the direct obj is intended)-Do Eg. Alice gave charles the rabbit
• S-Lv(is)-SC(not Do but refers to same thing as subj) Eg. Alice is happy(happy =Sc)

A sentence frag is an incomplete sentence (add missing element to corrrect it)and a run-on sent(add a period,semi-colon or conjunction to correct it) is two sent incorrectly punctuated as a single sent